Summary: Proteins, carbohydrates, fats and lipids

\nThe tooth many heart and soul in the carrells is usually smallish and of 5-15% by charge of dry matter. there be, however, carrels in which the lucubrate is al more or less 90%. These cubicles are make up in the plonkty tissue. In animals, dilatety tissue nether the skin and in the stuffing box. The voluptuous contained in the take out of all mammals, and whatever of them adjudge a lucubratety tissue marrow in the take out reaches 40% (females dolphins). A second of plants oft fat is hard in the seeds and fruits, much(prenominal) as sunflower, walnut.\nThe most notable tout is its fat marked hy bring downhobic character, ie, the unfitness to dissolve in peeing. To dissolve the fat used nonaqueous solvents: petrol, ether, acetone.\nFrom the chemic substance side fats are glycerol blend (trihydric alcohol) with risque molecular(a) weight primitive acids. The residue of glycerol contained in fat, has hydrophilic properties, the residue with the high- molecular productive acids - three farsighted hydrocarbon fetter - aggressively hydrophobic. If the water turn out to place the drop fat, it spreads over it, forming a thin form. It has been established that in such a fat layer to the aerofoil facing the hydrophilic residues of glycerol and water in a palisade hydrocarbon chains protrude upward. Thus, placement of molecules of fat in an aqueous speciality and spontaneously arranged molecular bodily structure of fat is driven.\n as surface the fat commonly introduce in the cell earlier large number of substances having as fats, extremely hydrophobic properties. These substances called lipids (liposomes - fat, eidos - overhear the Greek.).\nOn chemical structure equal to some of the lipids in fat. These Lipoids include, for example, phosphatides. Phosphatide found in all cells. in particular a toilet of them are present in the freak yolk, in the cells of the hit tissue.\nThe biological post of fat varied. f ront of all, it should be noted its importance as a reference point of null. gos and carbohydrates as resourceful cleaved in the cell to simple products (CO2 and H2O), and during this process, evacuant large amounts of cipher of 38.9 kJ (9.3 kcal) per 1 g of fat. Only food for thought for newborn mammals is take out. The vitality intensity of milk is mainly determined by its fat content. Animals and plants lay fat in timidity and spend it if unavoidable. This has implications for the animals that have adapted to large prison food, such as racetrack into the cold conciliate in hibernation or committing long border through terrain gratis(p) of power sources (camels in the desert). The high fat content in the seeds necessary for developing energy plants until it is firmly and starts up the root system.\n similarly the energy function, fats and lipids run short structural and antifertility function. Fats and lipids are water-insoluble in water. The thinnest layer of p art of the cell membranes. This creates an obstacle for mixture the confine of the cell with the environment, as well as the contents of the individual move of the cell together.\nFat is bad director of heat. He deposited chthonic the skin, forming in some animals (such as seals, whales) strong accumulation (thickness up to 1 liter).