Different Conflict Handling Styles in Management Essay

Different Conflict Handling Styles in Management - Essay Example Organizations use a variety of methods/style to handle workplace conflicts. However, five widely used conflict management styles include forcing, accommodating, avoiding, compromising, and collaborating. Let us discuss each of them in detail in order to get an understanding of the way organizations can use them to manage conflicts. Forcing is one of the main conflict management approaches. However, an observable fact is that employees and managers in organizations usually use this approach as the last choice when they are left with no other choice for reaching a resolution. If we talk about managers, we can say that they often use this approach to show power and authority. Even though this approach helps managers and employees in reaching an immediate resolution, but such resolutions put an unpleasant impact on the relationship that exists between people involved in a conflict. Accommodating is another approach towards conflict management in which one conflicting party listens and va lues the concerns of the other party involved in the conflict. Even though this approach is helpful in managing conflicts, but it also brings with it some negative points or consequences. For example, a conflicting party can ask for more favors and can put unlawful demands in front of the party showing accommodating approach for conflict resolution. Avoiding is another conflict management approach in which people avoid issues because of predicted negative consequences of getting involved in the issue.

Hamlet Speech Draft Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Speech Draft Essay In Shakespeares famous play Hamlet, Hamlet reveals the duality of human nature as he is the hero of one plot whilst a villain in the other. Hamlet portrays the heroic characteristics through bravery and fearlessness. On the other hand, he is a villain because he is a coward, disrespectful and he would do anything to achieve and benefit for himself. But Hamlet is neither a complete hero nor a complete villain. He is both, and this contributes to Shakespeares message concerning the duality of human nature. The following paragraphs will elaborate on Hamlets 3 different types of personalities. Hamlet being a hero of a plot is a major theme in the play. This is shown by through his actions of avenging his fathers death by killing the current king Claudius, Hamlets uncle. Hamlet demonstrates the quality of braveness by following the ghost ignoring the fears of his friend for him strong enough to break the restraining hold and follows the horrible illusion not knowing what could happen to him. [Hamlet-Shakespeare Act 1, Scene 4, 88 95] Hold off your hands, My fate cries out and makes each petty artery in this body as hardy as the Nemean lions nerve. Still am I called.- Unhand me, gentleman. By heaven, Ill make a ghost of him that lets me! I say, away. -Go on. Ill follow thee. Hamlet does this because he is in desperate urge of wanting to discover how his father died and that he truly loves his father. The final reason for Hamlet being a hero is because he is not afraid of facing a politically superior man. This means that hamlet is not afraid to face the king; a person more powerful than him and tell everyone the truth about what happened to his father. Hamlet demonstrates the quality of fearlessness when is ready to fight the king. This is proven when he says [Hamlet-Shakespeare Act 5, Scene2 198 -200] I am constant to my purpose, they follow the Kings pleasure. If his fitness speaks, mine is ready. Now or whensoever, provided I be so able as now These words show that Hamlets fearlessness quality and that he is not afraid of facing a person much more powerful than him. Hamlet shows his bravery, fearlessness and determination through his action and speech and those are the qualities of a hero. Although Hamlet has many great Heroic qualities, he also has numerous villain characteristics shown through his actions and speech. He may be seen as a villain because he caused the death to the whole royal family including Polonius, Ophelia and even himself. One of his villain characteristics is portrayed when Hamlet said some harsh words to his mother making her feel threatened. [Hamlet-Shakespeare, Act 3, Scene 4, 21-23] Come, come, and sit you down. You shall not budge. You go not till I set you up a glass Where you may see the inmost part of you. These words illustrate one of Hamlets villain characteristics of being disrespectful. In addition to that, he broke Ophelias heart, as well as killing her father which caused her to become insane and lead her to commit suiciding. He also lied to his friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern changing the letter making them the suspect of execution. Hamlet says [Hamlet-Shakespeare Act 5, Scene 2, 61-66] Why, man, they did make love to this employment. They are not near my conscience. Their defeat does by their own insinuation grow. Tis dangerous when the baser nature comes between the pass and fell incensed points of mighty opposites. This shows that Hamlet is a coward, not facing execution himself but had to make his innocent friends face execution for him. These evidences proves that Hamlet is a villain because the death of the king Claudius, Gertrude, Ophelia, Laertes, Polonius, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and himself is caused by him either directly or indirectly. Shakespeare uses the characters in the play Hamlet, especially the protagonist Hamlet to imitate the duality of human nature. Hamlet is a perfect example of a duality because he is both noble and immoral at the same time. An example of this is at the beginning when he is shocked over his father death and his mothers quick remarriage to his uncle. This is shown in the text when Hamlet says [Hamlet-Shakespeare Act 1, Scene 2, 151-158] even she O, God, a beast, that wants discourse of reason would have mourned longer married with my uncle, my fathers brother, but no more like my father than I to Hercules. Within a month, ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears had left the flushing in her galled eyes, She married. He then changes when he soon discovers about how his father was murdered and desires to seek revenge. Another example of a duality is that Hamlet exposes the noble side of himself. This is when he grieves for his father and despises the situation that his mother has left him in. He says [Hamlet-Shakespeare Act 1, Scene 2, 85-88] These indeed seem, for they are actions that a man might play. But I have that within which passes show these but the trappings and the suits of woe. This makes the reader feel that he dislikes his mother but on the contrary he still loves her even though she has left him in a miserable situation. These examples portray the duality of human nature from the character Hamlet. Hamlet can be both the hero due to the bravery and fearlessness he has shown through his actions. Although he shows heroic qualities, he can still be a villain through his coward, disrespectful and immoral actions. Hamlet is often noticed that he has more than one side to his personality at the same time and this is revealed through the play when he stands for what he believes in and takes avenge for his fathers death but in the contrary not only did he kill Claudius, he was involved in everyones death including Ophelia, Polonius, Gertrude, Laertes, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and that he would do anything to achieve and benefit for himself. Through these actions, Hamlet portrays the qualities of the duality of human nature.

Essay Comparing The Giant Wistaria and Yellow Wallpaper :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing The Giant Wistaria and The Yellow Wallpaper    Charlotte Perkins Gilman's short story, "The Giant Wistaria" was first published in June 1891 in The New England Magazine, the same journal that would publish "The Yellow Wallpaper" a year later in 1892. These were difficult years in Gilman's life: she had separated from her first husband, artist Charles Walter Stetson, and was attempting, unsuccessfully, to resolve her contradictory desires, on one hand, to be a good wife and mother in conventional terms, and on the other, to be autonomous and seriously dedicated to her work. In 1891-1892, Gilman (still using the name Stetson) was enjoying her first literary successes, confirming her decision to work politically for women's rights, and moving toward the painful decision to give up custody of her daughter, who, beginning in May 1894, would be raised by Stetson's second wife--whom Gilman considered a "co-mother." Although "The Giant Wistaria" remains largely unknown while "The Yellow Wallpaper" has earned the status of American classic since its rediscovery by feminist critics in the 1970s, the two texts are easily seen as companions, for they share many of the same formal and thematic concerns. Both "The Yellow Wallpaper" and "The Giant Wistaria" explore the troubled nexus between the sexual repression of women, patriarchal control of motherhood, madness, and the anxiety of authorship. Both are fragmented in form and depend for their correct interpretation on a community of sympathetic readers implicitly constructed by Gilman as feminist, if not also female. "The Giant Wistaria" is a story in two parts. The first, which takes place at least one hundred years before the second, concerns the punishment of a young woman by her parents, especially by her father, for having borne an illegitimate child. The second part takes place in the present, that is, in the late nineteenth century, as a group of young people--Mr. and Mrs. Jenny, their "pretty sisters" and their sisters' suitors--discover the house's horrific secret. Gloria A. Biamonte's interpretation of "The Giant Wistaria" implicitly casts the young set as a community of readers and emphasizes the divisions of that community by gender. It is the women who are at first convinced that the house must have "a story, if we could only find it," while the men merely scoff and tease until the house will no longer permit that careless attitude. In addition, at the story's end it becomes clear that the women will be the house's most sensitive and skillful readers, as it is perhaps also clear that its gothic tale is intended as a warning for themselves. Essay Comparing The Giant Wistaria and Yellow Wallpaper :: comparison compare contrast essays Comparing The Giant Wistaria and The Yellow Wallpaper    Charlotte Perkins Gilman's short story, "The Giant Wistaria" was first published in June 1891 in The New England Magazine, the same journal that would publish "The Yellow Wallpaper" a year later in 1892. These were difficult years in Gilman's life: she had separated from her first husband, artist Charles Walter Stetson, and was attempting, unsuccessfully, to resolve her contradictory desires, on one hand, to be a good wife and mother in conventional terms, and on the other, to be autonomous and seriously dedicated to her work. In 1891-1892, Gilman (still using the name Stetson) was enjoying her first literary successes, confirming her decision to work politically for women's rights, and moving toward the painful decision to give up custody of her daughter, who, beginning in May 1894, would be raised by Stetson's second wife--whom Gilman considered a "co-mother." Although "The Giant Wistaria" remains largely unknown while "The Yellow Wallpaper" has earned the status of American classic since its rediscovery by feminist critics in the 1970s, the two texts are easily seen as companions, for they share many of the same formal and thematic concerns. Both "The Yellow Wallpaper" and "The Giant Wistaria" explore the troubled nexus between the sexual repression of women, patriarchal control of motherhood, madness, and the anxiety of authorship. Both are fragmented in form and depend for their correct interpretation on a community of sympathetic readers implicitly constructed by Gilman as feminist, if not also female. "The Giant Wistaria" is a story in two parts. The first, which takes place at least one hundred years before the second, concerns the punishment of a young woman by her parents, especially by her father, for having borne an illegitimate child. The second part takes place in the present, that is, in the late nineteenth century, as a group of young people--Mr. and Mrs. Jenny, their "pretty sisters" and their sisters' suitors--discover the house's horrific secret. Gloria A. Biamonte's interpretation of "The Giant Wistaria" implicitly casts the young set as a community of readers and emphasizes the divisions of that community by gender. It is the women who are at first convinced that the house must have "a story, if we could only find it," while the men merely scoff and tease until the house will no longer permit that careless attitude. In addition, at the story's end it becomes clear that the women will be the house's most sensitive and skillful readers, as it is perhaps also clear that its gothic tale is intended as a warning for themselves.

Choosing the best project for the company Essay

I would like to thank you for providing me with the essential information from your previous email to analyze the following projects Juniper, Palomino, and Stargazer. This information has provided me guidance with choosing the best project for the company. This email will provide you with the recommendation and proposal of the most beneficial project for the company. The project that fits our company’s expectations and requirements is the Stargazer project. This project is efficient and the expectation of the project being completed on time is high and obtainable. According to the project descriptions, $450,000 has been spent on the product and they average a total of $575,000 being spent in order to bring the product to the market. Even though the dollar amount spent in this project is high, the return on investment for this project is high; by the third year the product is forecasted to have a return of investments of $750,000. The product life of this project is forecasted to be 7 years. Because this product has not been used we would be the first company to launch the product to the market which would create an innovative style allowing our company to be the leader in the industry. The method I used to make this decision was utilizing the feasibility study. This method allows us to determine how beneficial or practical the Stargazer project would be to the organization. The four phases associated with the feasibility study are: operational feasibility, technical feasibility, schedule feasibility and economic feasibility. The operational aspect informs whether the project is worth solving and evaluating for business usage. The technical feasibility allows us to evaluate if the proposed technology is practical. Technology feasibility also informs us if we currently possess the necessary technology to implement the project. The schedule feasibility informs us if the project  deadlines are reasonable, which they are. The economic feasibility informs of our benefits; tangible or intangible benefits. The key deliverables for the project are not just the clients but also the external stakeholders. The break-even analysis is a financial analysis tool that determines if the project needs to be justified in terms of cost not the benefits. This is why this tool was not utilized in the decision for the Stargazer project. Based on the break-even analysis for the Juniper project it basically shows the company will not, or barely break-even, during the life cycle of the production due to technology advancements causing this product line to become obsolete after three years. It has a cost of $325,000 and ROI only producing $250,000 for the two to three years of production with the third year being the end of life for this product. If the company chooses the Palomino project it will also have a hard time breaking-even and producing revenue streams over the life-time of the production with a 5% margin of error with the seventh year being the end of life for the product. The strength of the economy plays a large determining factor in this forecast due to 5% differential in the life cycle of this product. Palomino will cost $655,000 with the ROI being $450,000 over a five year period with that 5%, plus or minus, margin of error. Profit would then start to be recognized in the sixth and seventh year of the life cycle which is way too long. Each of the five phases of the project management was evaluated in order to reach the best decision. Initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling and closing were the primary outline for the decision. Project management requires processes to be done at each of these levels in a detailed step. These steps outline the idea into a general flow for the best project.

Down East Spud Busters

As a manager, one of the many aspects of your role is to â€Å"control†, which as you know, means periodically (or continually) checking on the status of production, operations, staffing, budget, quality, etc. Now, employees often react negatively to this, communicating actively or passively resentment about the manager's actually or figuratively â€Å"looking over their shoulders† or trying to catch them doing something wrong or always â€Å"making corrections† about the way things are being done. What re some strategies you can use to do a good Job controlling, but avoid the employee backlash In attitude?This really would depend on what type of Industry and the structure of the company. From my past working experiences I used deferent methods were needed to control quality and production. As a project manager In the telecoms Industry an on-hands style was needed In order to get each station physically approved from the vendor. The relationship between managemen t and supervisors,'leads could be anywhere In the range of tense to cordial depending on he quality of the job the supervisor's crew produced.There were other elements that also had to be taken into consideration. Such as, weather, equipment availability, and deadlines. A looking over the shoulder strategy is needed, and is part of some job specification. Another strategy I have had to use was daily receiving, production and shipping reports. While using these methods a minimum interaction is needed with the employees. These types of reports can tell you if production is down from absentee, bad products from vendors or equipment failures.

The Whirlpool essays

The Whirlpool essays To many people pride in ones country is an important thing. The characters in the novel The Whirlpool show their pride in and love for Canada in different ways, many of the characters have their own way of seeing Canada. In an article on The Whirlpool and Canada, Dr. Kelly Hewson discusses the ways in which the characters see Canada and each other. The characters in The Whirlpool have different views and ideas about Canada and what it means to be and think Canadian. In order to be a member of a group one must think like the group. Canadians have their own ideas and ways of thinking Canadian. Canadians feel that they have to keep Canada safe; they feel the need to claim ownership and to protect something (Hewson 380). Canadians act as if Canada is something that needs to be protected from the Americans that would come in and try to steal it or take over. The novel, written from a Canadian viewpoint, shows Americans in a different light than they would be viewed in an American novel. In Davids point of view all Americans are not only alike but they all want to take want ever they can from the Canadians. Any American was bred to take over things your water supply, your mineral deposits, your entire country, your wife (205). According to David, Americans are savages that need to conquer and destroy. When Patrick cant find the flower hes looking for David accuses the Americans of taking all of them. David said the Americans probably stole every example (133). Even had the flowers been growing there in the first place it is still likely that some Canadians may have picked some if not all before an American even happened upon them. David feels that Canada needs a common enemy, namely the Americans, to unite Canada. There are many ways of thinking Canadian, the biggest of which see Canadas history as either an accomplishment or a process. David ...

Moschops Facts and Figures

Moschops Facts and Figures Name: Moschops (Greek for calf face); pronounced MOE-shops Habitat: Forests of South Africa Historical Period: Late Permian (255 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 16 feet long and one ton Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Thick skull; short tail; front legs longer than hind legs About Moschops Moschops is a case study in how evolution produces roughly the same forms to occupy the same ecological niches. Although it was a therapsid (mammal-like reptile) rather than a true dinosaur, Moschops was markedly similar to later ornithopods and hadrosaurs like Iguanodon and Maiasaura: thick-set, medium-sized, and built close to the ground, the better to browse on low-lying vegetation. In an important sense, though, Moschops was the less evolved reptile, since it had a classic, splay-footed reptilian posture and (if it was possible) an even tinier brain. (By the way, the family of mammal-like reptiles to which Moschops belong went on to spawn the earliest true mammals during the Triassic period. It may seem hard to believe, but Moschops was the star of a short-lived kids TV show back in 1983, though its unclear whether the producers knew that it technically wasnt a dinosaur. Granted, that wasnt the only scientific inaccuracy: for example, Moschops shared a cave with his best friend, an Allosaurus, and his grandfather was a Diplodocus. Perhaps it was a good thing that Moschops only lasted for 13 episodes before fading into pop-culture obscurity.

Punctuation with Attribution

Punctuation with Attribution Punctuation with Attribution Punctuation with Attribution By Mark Nichol An attribution is a phrase that describes who said or wrote something. It is stated parenthetically before, in the midst of, or after a statement or question (it is basically an introductory phrase that can be located elsewhere than at the head of a sentence), but writers often erroneously omit a comma required to help frame the attribution. The following sentences illustrate variations in this type of error, and discussion and revision following each one explains and demonstrates correct treatment. 1. In the future, Smith says she looks forward to having her team work more with data analytics. Without a comma after says to correspond to the one following future, this sentence appears to awkwardly state that it is known in the present that in the future Smith will say that she looks forward to having her team work with more data analytics. But â€Å"Smith says† is an attribution, so the phrase should be bracketed by a pair of commas: â€Å"In the future, Smith says, she looks forward to having her team work more with data analytics.† 2. As rooftop solar panels become more common, company executives say they need new products that will distinguish the business from its many competitors. The error in this sentence is not as obvious as the one in the previous example. However, the implication here is that the company executives are making a statement at the same time as rooftop solar panels become more common. This may be technically accurate, but it’s not the point of the sentence. â€Å"Company executives say† interrupts the sentence to identify the source of the statement: â€Å"As rooftop solar panels become more common, company executives say, they need new products that will distinguish the business from its many competitors.† 3. There are about 365.25 days in a year according to NASA. Because of the lack of internal punctuation in this sentence, it appears to quantify the number of days in a specific typed of year- one that is according to NASA. An attribution, regardless of whether it precedes, interrupts, or follows a statement, should be set off from that statement. If the attribution appears at the head or tail of the sentence, however, only one comma is necessary to set it off from the main clause: â€Å"There are about 365.25 days in a year, according to NASA.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your Story"Have" vs "Having" in Certain Expressions10 Tips for Clean, Clear Writing

MGT506 - Strategic Leadership, Mod 3 Case PowerPoint Presentation

MGT506 - Strategic Leadership, Mod 3 Case - PowerPoint Presentation Example Tenets of Servant Leadership In 1970, Robert Greenleaf first described what he called the ‘servant leader’. This is an individual whose first aspiration is to serve, and subsequently makes a conscious choice to aspire to lead. Leadership in this sense is in aid of service, which is in stark contrast with an individual who would first aspire to lead before he or she would serve. For the servant leader, serving is not a task, but a calling; he does not exert effort, as much as surrender to the natural inclination, to render service. Servant leaders generously impart their lofty ideas to those who would listen. ‘Servant leaders thrive on the opportunity to share ideas, because the process of sharing creates accountability for the results that are generated from their actions’ (Savage-Austin & Honeycutt, 2011, p. 53). Persons in positions of authority are wary of their utterances, mindful that they shall be held to what they say, when what they said was void of conviction when they said it. Servant leaders are not afraid to express their beliefs because they live their lives consistently with these beliefs. Greenleaf had a clear and substantial view of servant leadership. He identified ten principles of servant leadership (2013). ... John Quincy’s entire career was in service to the country, as diplomat, US senator, secretary of state, president, and in his post-presidential life he rendered 17 years of service as congressman. JQA’s achievements are many. He was U.S. minister to the Netherlands at the age of 27, and afterward he served in the Massachusetts State Senate and the U.S. Senate. During his return to diplomatic service he helped in the negotiation of the Treaty of Ghent in 1814 that ended the War of 1812. He authored the Monroe Doctrine which defined U.S. foreign policy. He also negotiated with the United Kingdom concerning America’s border with Canada to the north, and with Spain on the matter of the annexation of Florida in the south. The weight of these achievements is such that their legacy has prevailed to the present, which is testament to JQA’s foresight and this uncanny ability to persuade, conceptualize, and communicate. They have made JQA one of the greatest secreta ries of state and diplomats in U.S. history (Herring, 2008). JQA’s presidency was austere and bereft of the pomp and pageantry surrounding the present-day White House, partly because Washington D.C. during his time was characterized by ‘tottery houses surrounded by mud and besieged by snakes, rats and bugs.’ (Simpson, 2012). However, it was also in no small due to JQA’s simple and unpretentious lifestyle. His biography describes JQA’s typical day as president: â€Å"While President of the United States, he was probably the first man up in Washington, lighted his own fire, and was hard at work in his library, while sleep yet held in its obliviousness the great mass of his

Anthrax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anthrax - Essay Example tistics indicating that the number of affected decreased from 130 estimated cases in 1990s to less than two cases in the 21sts century (Cdc.gov, 2014). Treatment and preventive measures are available to those affected by the bacteria with earlier detection techniques available at the medical centers. The need to threaten or weaken a particular nation has led to the use of biological weapons, attack hard to prevent to its nature. Bioterrorism refers to the use biological weapons to induce harm over a person or group of people. The similarity between a bioterrorism and biologic warfare is the agent used whereas the major difference being the intention of using a particular biological agent (Ivanova et al., 2003). The agents considered in carrying out a bioterrorist attack are classified according to their pathogenicity. Anthrax, a disease caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis, is mostly used, and several hoaxes of this bacterium have been reported in the United States (Saffer, 2004). When selecting an effective bioterrorism agent, perpetrators consider several factors that will make it easier for the desired goal to be achieved effectively. The agent selected should possess the ability to cause morbidity, mortality, or illness with difficult diagnosis and treatment. Accessibility, stability, and reproducibility are other factors that are carefully analyzed for consideration of an agent. The agent should be easy to find which was simpler before the federal regulations illegalized the sale of specific pathogenic organisms by biological supply companies. Reproducibility aids in ensuring that enough quantity to carry out an attack on a certain number of people is attainable (Saffer, 2004). Stability maintenance at different environmental conditions that it may be subjected to during the attack is vital especially in moving from one place to another and during dispersal. Dispersion aids in ensuring that the targeted group of people is exposed to the agent. Several

Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Comparison - Essay Example Her main focus was to provide rights to the Blacks and give them a representation in the society. She has a literature Nobel prize to her name, along with eight novels and over two hundred short stories to her credit. The other form of literature that will be scrutinized is â€Å"What it’s like to be a black girl?† a poem by the famous Patricia Smith. Smith, also an activist wrote this specific poem to explain the feelings of a black girl, growing up to be a woman in a time when blacks were despised severely. (What its like to be a black girl, Poetry - CollegeTermPapers.com, 2013; Post Colonial Analysis of "Country Lovers" by Nadine Gordimer, 2013) â€Å"The Country Lovers† is a short story written by Nadine Gordimer, and it forms the second part of the story called â€Å"The Town and Country Lovers†. With the scene set in countryside, the story revolves around two protagonists namely: Thebedi and Paulus. Thebedi is a black girl and Paulus happens to be th e son of her white masters. Thebedi and Paulus have spent their entire childhood together; hence, when they grow up into teenagers, they get attracted to each other and fall in love. What they experienced cannot be typically termed as love, but they were physically involved and their love blossomed as they were over whelmed by the strength of emotions that they felt. Now in those times, interracial relationships were forbidden, which meant that it was close to committing a sin, hence, this whole relation was kept as a secret. Time passes with the way things are and Thebedi gets pregnant, but she hides this fact from Paulus. Paulus till such time was carrying on with his own life and Thebedi was getting married to a man named Njabulo, who had been in love with her for quite some time. When Thebedi gives birth to a daughter, her appearance raises questions because the girl, carrying her father’s genes is light in color and has colored eyes. Njabulo, being a sincere husband does not question this and treats the child like his own. As word travels, Paulus gets to know about the child and in an instance realizes the daunting truth. He pays a visit to Thebedi and asks her to five the child to someone else as it is a proof of their sin. On insisting, Thebedi leaves Paulus alone with the child and after a day, the girl dies. The matter is taken to court as Thebedi swears to confess that Paulus had poisoned her child. However, on the day of the trial, Thebedi fails to confess and says she did not â€Å"see† Paulus poison the baby. Hence, Paulus is freed without any charges due to the lack of evidence. (Country Lovers, 2013) This short story brings into focus the problems of being in an â€Å"interracial†, â€Å"forbidden† love. (Post Colonial Analysis of "Country Lovers" by Nadine Gordimer, 2013) It not just explains the problems that the protagonists, especially the female encountered, but it also portrays perfectly the thinking of the peop le in those times. The story remarkably portrays the female as the vulnerable character as men mostly get away with their acts easily. As the story was staged for the 20th century, a time when racial discrimination was at its peak, the role of Thebedi shows the negatives of being a black and a woman at the same time. Her character was questioned when her child turned out to be light in colored. Paulus’s selfish act of saving his reputation from being damaged, and poisoning the child to

Civil rights movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Civil rights movement - Essay Example This was the period that was closely associated with the rise of Black Nationalism. Therefore, in the late 60s, there were several organizations including SCLC, SNCC and NAACP which faced challenges from militant organizations such as the Blank Panther party. Black Nationalism was significantly influenced the pan-African leaders such as Muhammad and Malcolm X (Mcwhorter 17). The proponents of racial liberation usually viewed the African-American freedom struggle as a movement for human rights. The strategy of the Black Panther of picking up the gun revealed some of the sentiments of most of the individuals in the black society. Jackie Robinson was also one of the celebrated individuals in civil rights. This was after the Dodgers participated in the Civil Rights Game on Saturday. Most of the honest citizens were killed together with the black protestors. The civil rights activists used civil disobedience to implement change. For example, Emmett Till who was an African American boy was murdered brutally in Mississippi. He was 14 years old when he was murdered in Mississippi after he was reported to be flirting with a white woman. This brutal murder included torture before the actual killing of the innocent African-American boy. Therefore, the killing of the boy triggered the civil rights movement since; he was beaten and shot by two white men. On the other hand, it was evident that Emmett was disobedient to her mother after she discovered that he had an affair with the white woman (Mcwhorter 19). Additionally, Curt Flood who was a renowned baseball payer for the St. Louis Cardinals was a pivotal player in the team. During this epoch, he refused to accept a trade after the 1969 season. It was quite evident that the trade was closely associated with racism. However, he was unsuccessful after appealing to the Supreme Court in the United States though his legacy still remains alive even after his death (Mcwhorter 23). In 1962, most of the citizens staged a protest wh en the court ordered the University of Mississippi to register black students. The University is also known as Ole Miss. Martin Luther King Jr. was an active minister and a civil rights advocate who had established the nonviolent protest movement. He occasionally led several protests and boycotts regarding human rights in the black society. Martin Luther King Jr. was the most effective boycott leader since; he understood and used several tactics to defend the rights of the black people. This made Martin Luther King Jr. an essential and honored leader amongst the African Americans. In fact, the African Americans throughout the American nation were receiving immense attention when they were fighting for their rights. As stipulated above, the American society was at unease during the 1960s. This violence got worse when the blacks started fighting back violently (Mcwhorter 25). The most illustrious boycott during this era was the protest for jobs and freedom. Malcolm X was also another believer of black rights. According to Malcolm X, the blacks have a right to fight for their lives. Therefore, he was a considerable influence to the young black youths in the society based on the aspect of racism. However, he was not promoting violence as he was always accused by his critics. Before his death, he had published a book regarding black America. During this period, the African

An Assessment of the Vulnerabilities of the iPhone Dissertation

An Assessment of the Vulnerabilities of the iPhone - Dissertation Example â€Å"The instant access that hackers have to the latest tools and techniques demands that companies become more aggressive in defending the security of their networks. Conducting a network vulnerability assessment, a self-induced hack attack, identifies the network components and faults in policies, and procedures that expose a company to the damage caused by malicious network intruders† (Peltier et al. 2003, para. 1). The various steps involved are the †¢ Classify the Information system. †¢ Choose Security measures. †¢ Execute safety measures †¢ Evaluate Security measures †¢ Empower Information Systems. †¢ Scrutinize Security measures †¢ â€Å"A vulnerability assessment provides follow up documentation, reports and additional consulting whenever required after the assessment process† (Penetration Testing Procedures & Methodologies 2011). Vulnerability is a characteristic or feature of a constituent that can be broken by an outside or inside agent like a hacking agent or a malware attack to break a safety policy or cause a harmful consequence on the software of the iphone. The Working of the Vulnerability Tools: â€Å"Performing vulnerability assessment is the only one step in developing a vulnerability management framework, but it is a very important step, you can perform vulnerability assessment internally or externally† (Manzuik et al. 2007, p. 4). ... â€Å"The vulnerability assessment process involves passive and active analysis of the target systems for the known weakness, technical flaws or vulnerabilities. All of the discovered security issues will be services; the next step is to test for the known vulnerabilities that might exist on a host or network. (Rodstein 2007, p. 251). Vulnerability review tools merge both passive and active scanning; the passive scan is worn to determine the vulnerabilities that the objective is a good number likely to contain, and the active scanning is used to confirm that those vulnerabilities are, in fact, both there in the current situation and uncovered as well as utilizable. influential that vulnerabilities are utilizable increase the accurateness of the evaluation device by eradicating the artificial positives, i.e., the occasion in which the scanner detect a prototype or characteristic investigative of a probable vulnerability that which, on analysis, establish to be either (1) absent (2) n ot uncovered, or (3) not utilizable. It is the grouping of passive and active scanning, jointly with amplified computerization that has provided programmed penetration trying suite more extensively helpful in vulnerability evaluation. â€Å"As no commonly agreed rule exists for worm and virus naming, W32.Blaster.A (Symantec) is also known as W32/Lovesan.worm.a (McAfee), Win32.Poza.A (CA), Lovesan (F-Secure), WORM_MSBLAST.A (Trend), W32/Blaster-A (Sophos), W32/Blaster (Panda)or Worm.Win32.Lovesan (KAV). Besides the A version of Blaster, many more variants were developed based on the same exploit code† (Julisch & Kruegel 2005, p. 106). According to the researchers who are responsible for the security, very recently have establish that they have established the primary usable

Harassment in workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harassment in workplace - Essay Example Harassment cases may occur both on and off the job. They can occur at the working desk as well as in a corporate function. The law also states that one have the right to work in the hostile work environment that is not poisoned by harassment. Definitions categorize harassment in many types and law covers most of them but organizations should clearly define the nature of harassment while formulating policies at workplace. Harassment is conscious, offensive, verbal or non- verbal abusive behavior or act that aims to harm individual. One has to raise voice against harassment as it is misapply of power and control, it may be hiding of deficiencies like lack of management, or people skill or it may be lack of leadership quality. Harassers tend o project their deficiencies onto other making them feel upset, threatened and embarrassed or interferes with an individual’s ability to do his or her job. Workplace harassment cannot only cause serious damage to the performance of the victim at work but may also result in accumulation of work related stress in personal life as well. Organizations are pursuing different programs to teach employees at all levels and especially executives regarding the behavior; they need to exhibit while dealing with each other (Ellis-Christensen, 2009). Strategies for preventing, identifying and reporting on sexual harassment will surely help in declining work place harassment and it will encourage employees to stand against any harassment without any hesitation and undue influence. Legal cases have shown that discrimination at work place is also included in harassment. Nowadays, every organization develops its own code of ethical conducts that is desirable from the employees and elements of harassment are comprehensively covered into it. Each employee not only agrees to abide by these rules and regulations but also submit a signed consent form that holds legal values in case of a violation. However, apart from framing a

An Assessment of the Vulnerabilities of the iPhone Dissertation

An Assessment of the Vulnerabilities of the iPhone - Dissertation Example â€Å"The instant access that hackers have to the latest tools and techniques demands that companies become more aggressive in defending the security of their networks. Conducting a network vulnerability assessment, a self-induced hack attack, identifies the network components and faults in policies, and procedures that expose a company to the damage caused by malicious network intruders† (Peltier et al. 2003, para. 1). The various steps involved are the †¢ Classify the Information system. †¢ Choose Security measures. †¢ Execute safety measures †¢ Evaluate Security measures †¢ Empower Information Systems. †¢ Scrutinize Security measures †¢ â€Å"A vulnerability assessment provides follow up documentation, reports and additional consulting whenever required after the assessment process† (Penetration Testing Procedures & Methodologies 2011). Vulnerability is a characteristic or feature of a constituent that can be broken by an outside or inside agent like a hacking agent or a malware attack to break a safety policy or cause a harmful consequence on the software of the iphone. The Working of the Vulnerability Tools: â€Å"Performing vulnerability assessment is the only one step in developing a vulnerability management framework, but it is a very important step, you can perform vulnerability assessment internally or externally† (Manzuik et al. 2007, p. 4). ... â€Å"The vulnerability assessment process involves passive and active analysis of the target systems for the known weakness, technical flaws or vulnerabilities. All of the discovered security issues will be services; the next step is to test for the known vulnerabilities that might exist on a host or network. (Rodstein 2007, p. 251). Vulnerability review tools merge both passive and active scanning; the passive scan is worn to determine the vulnerabilities that the objective is a good number likely to contain, and the active scanning is used to confirm that those vulnerabilities are, in fact, both there in the current situation and uncovered as well as utilizable. influential that vulnerabilities are utilizable increase the accurateness of the evaluation device by eradicating the artificial positives, i.e., the occasion in which the scanner detect a prototype or characteristic investigative of a probable vulnerability that which, on analysis, establish to be either (1) absent (2) n ot uncovered, or (3) not utilizable. It is the grouping of passive and active scanning, jointly with amplified computerization that has provided programmed penetration trying suite more extensively helpful in vulnerability evaluation. â€Å"As no commonly agreed rule exists for worm and virus naming, W32.Blaster.A (Symantec) is also known as W32/Lovesan.worm.a (McAfee), Win32.Poza.A (CA), Lovesan (F-Secure), WORM_MSBLAST.A (Trend), W32/Blaster-A (Sophos), W32/Blaster (Panda)or Worm.Win32.Lovesan (KAV). Besides the A version of Blaster, many more variants were developed based on the same exploit code† (Julisch & Kruegel 2005, p. 106). According to the researchers who are responsible for the security, very recently have establish that they have established the primary usable

Women and Stress at the Workplace. Why Do Women Face More Workplace Research Paper

Women and Stress at the Workplace. Why Do Women Face More Workplace Stress Than Men - Research Paper Example Therefore, work-related stress takes place when there is a disparity between the demands of the job and the potentials of an individual to meet those demands (Blaug, Kenyon and Lekhi, 2007). This paper seeks to illustrate the difference between stress faced by female and male managers as well as address the consequences of stress. The paper will also examine the role played by gender in stress at the workplace. The effects of work-related stress on healthy individuals are felt at most levels of a being such as physiological, cognitive, emotional and behavioural. There exist clear links between work-related stress and a variety of physical and mental disorders, which illustrate how one’s health can deteriorate in the presence of strain. In 2010, women in corporate boards of 100 companies constituted 12.5%, which was a 9.4% increase, and per the American Psychological Association, 69% of employees reported work as a significant source of stress, with some indicating being less p roductive at work because of stress (American Psychological Association, 2010). ... Married women are more likely to report higher levels of stress compared to single women; with 56% of them indicating an increase in stress levels over the past 5 years compared to 41% of single women. Research indicates suggest that both genders, women and men, handle stress in a different manner all together. Response to stress by men is characterized by the fight -flight notion while in women; response leans towards tend-and-befriend. It is for this difference that creates different professional interactions, which defines how they function both at home and in the workplace. Consequently, gender makes a great deal of difference in life and business. Unfortunately, men seem not to be persuaded by the tend-and-befriend approach, thus arises a conflict that exerts pressure on women, which contributes to work-related stress. When faced with a stressing situation, a man’s response is strategic and will assess how best the situation can be salvaged while doubts crop up to questio n his capacity to handle the situation. The response to his doubts is normally influenced by personal confidence and knowledge. On the hand, women are naturally more communal in their thinking and often involve others to assist in solving a stressing situation. Women tend to build a community around them from which they seek advice, social support, and alliances that their safety is dependent on. The cause of stress at workplaces may be attributed to the workload present. The workload in the public sector is considered greater than that in the private sector, and all is dependent on the work being done. Some stressors are based on the work itself, with those that pose a significant risk being achievement, overload, and downsizing. Other sources of stress can be categorized as the role and

Advantages of the Tire Type Mobile Crushing Plant Essay Example for Free

Advantages of the Tire Type Mobile Crushing Plant Essay The tire type mobile crushing plant is with flexible combination and high adaptability; according to different process requirements, the flow can either be in the mode of â€Å"crushing first and then screening†, or in the mode of â€Å"first screening, and then crushing†. The crushing plant can be combined into either two screening systems, namely, coarse crushing system and fine crushing system, or three screening systems, namely coarse, medium and fine system. So, it has a high flexibility and can meet different customers’ demands. According to the customers’ application demands, the tire type mobile crushing plant is divided into standard type and Closed-Circuit type, as well as multi-combination type according to the expanded demands of high-end users. Hongxing Machinery thinks that enhancing the comprehensive utilization of the construction waste is the important approach of economizing land and resources, and in the meantime is an important work of cleansing the city environment, is important measure of the development of recycling economy and the construction of environment friendly and resource-saving society and is the inevitable requirement for the implementation of the scientific development outlook and the realization of sustainable development and environment protection. Henan Hongxing Mining Machinery Co. , Ltd launched a new product into the market which is mobile crushing station, which has become the first and largest construction waste disposal company in the Middle China. This machine has a 4 million tons/year of processing power. The renewable aggregate which firstly dealt with by this equipment and then produced by the sand maker can become various kinds of environmentally-friendly building materials such as hollow bricks, plant grass brick, square brick, permeable brick, floods and tooth tile, etc. It solves the problem of environmental purification and sustainable use, and making full use of this machine greatly reduces the fees produced in the transportation of the construction waste, reduces the pollution of environment and the purification artificial work and life of the urban environment. This equipment is able to make multilevel crushing with the help of crushing and screening machines like impact crusher and divides it into three kinds of renewable aggregate, for this reason, it is widely applied in the building material industry and opens up a new road of energy save and environmental protection.

Spike Lee :: essays papers

Spike Lee In 1995 I considered Spike Lee's gritty CLOCKERS one of the year's best films; recently I spotted its video in a clearance bin and picked it up. Upon re-viewing, I am struck again by its complexity. It is the first urban drama to depict inner-city race relations with the intricacy such a pervasive cultural issue demands. On the surface it resembles a whodunit, but its main concern is how drugs and violence contaminate entire communities, dramatized in the collapse of one African-American youth's life. (He chokes up blood the way some of us sweat.) This process is observed by a predominantly white police force that makes hollow attempts to keep order, and refuses to intervene with the community's gradual decline. Instead of characters with overt prejudices and plain racial allegiances-characters that are sterile symbols of bigotry rather than credible humans guilty of it-Lee gives us characters of casual racism. Most representative of this is Harvey Keitel's Rocco Klein, a white detective who cannot understand the culture surrounding him, which is a culture of narcotics, violence, and black-on-black crime. On his beat, drugs are less a problem than a lifestyle, murder resolves the tiniest of disagreements, and young mothers valiantly but vainly battle the influence young dealers have on their sons. Klein views the inner-city with contempt, but deep down he knows all the whores and dealers are human beings, too. Klein is introduced at the scene of a homicide, where the police handle the gruesome death with a clinical sense of detachment, cracking bad jokes and asking the bloodied corpse questions. Is it just a job, or is it racism?

Mirrorings by Lucy Grealy Essay -- Identity Self Worth Self Esteem ess

Mirrorings by Lucy Grealy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sure, some of us have this great confidence within ourselves about looking great, but that does not hold true for everyone. I understand the pain or disgust, or even disappointment one feels when they look in the mirror and say, â€Å"I wish I could change this or that about myself†. Although this piece is written about the author’s life, it holds meaning and connects with for many people; one only has to dig deep enough to find one. For me, it was to realize what is important in life can change, adapt and that we must explore our inner selves and find our own path in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this piece, Grealy describes the influence of her experiences of cancer, its treatments, and the resulting deformity of her face on her development as a person. She explores how physical appearance influences one's sexual identity and over all self worth. She also explores how one's own interpretation of one's appearance can be self fulfilling. Only after a year of not looking at herself in the mirror, ironically at a time when she appears more "normal" than ever before, does Grealy learn to embrace her inner self and to see herself as more than one’s looks or physical appearance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now that the summary is out there for all who did not get to read the story let’s make some connections to everyday life. In the story is it said by the author that, â€Å"All the while I hated myself for having wept before the needle went in, convinced that the nurse and my mother we...

Academic english

The sociological imagination first coined by c. Wright mills in 1959 what is the sociological imagination? The vivid awareness of the relationship between personal experience and the wider society. -Seeing â€Å"strange in the familiar† is detaching yourself from individualistic interpretations of human behavior and accepting the initially â€Å"strange† notion that human behaviors are a product of social forces. The ability to see things socially and how things interact and influence each other that is the sociological imagination. How can we differentiate between personal troubles and social issues? Example: unemployment/ if your unemployed, that's a trouble in your life (personal). But, if it was during the great recession, you were in the same boat as everybody else in society. Therefore your personal trouble is connected to a broader public issue. What is problem with the common sense explanations of ills?They fail to consider the wider picture of the issue yet the y Just focus on pre- conceived Judgments for example in relation to aboriginal people a common sense explanation would be that they are all petrol sniffing no hoppers though this is not the case what has been failed to be realized here is that due to colonization indigenous people lost a lot of there rights and are still trying to recover from all they have lost in life. -Examples of social issues that might be better explained through investigating social forces and influences rather than individual failings Unemployed- its not necessarily that you're lazy or don't want to work.There are social forces at play that make it more likely some groups over others will be unemployed. Seeing the general in the particular show that age, gender, class, race, sexuality they all impact behaviors and life chances. Although we are individuals, social forces touch our lives in significant ways, even if we don't see those forces. Sociology: is the study of society, whose goals are to establish, ex plain and predict patterned regularities of human behavior. The sociological imagination asks us to see the strange in the familiar and general in particular, linking our behaviors to broader social forces.Personal trouble re linked to broader public issues, and our goal in sociology is to uncover those links using the sociological data and not rely on common sense explanations Topic: social class and stratification -What is social stratification? Social stratification refers to a system of social inequality -Which societies experience social stratification? All societies have social stratification to some degree -Some societies have simpler stratification where they stratify along one dimension (such as age) while others are more complex and consist of many different factors reading stratification (such as age, race, gender, etc†¦ -3 types of stratification systems Estate systems Caste systems Class systems -definition of class in sociology the term class does not refer to one 's style or sophistication, rather social class is the social structural position groups hold relative to the economic, social, political and cultural resources of society. -class can not be directly observed but can be â€Å"seen† by observing the various displays others project such as brand of clothing, type of car, the places one shops. -these objects become symbols of an individuals lass status.Types of class systems: -Upper class: owns major share of corporate and personal wealth -Upper middle class: those with high incomes and high social prestige -Middle class: -Lower class: workers in skilled trades and low-income bureaucratic workers -Lower class: the displaced and poor. -The social class that you are in gives you different access to Jobs, income, education, power, and social status. Age, race, gender as well as class shape people's experiences within society. -These differences allow different opportunities for success.

Nursing Jurisprudence Essay

1.Intentional torts share three common elements as described in the text on page 113: There must be a volitional or willful act by the defendant.The person so acting must intend to bring about the consequences or appear to have intended to bring about the consequences.There must be causation. The act must be a substantial factor in bringing about the injury or consequences. Examples of intentional tort include: assault, battery, false imprisonment, conversion of property, trespass to land, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Threatening a patient with an injection or with starting an IV line is an example of assault. Quasi intentional torts differ from intentional torts because with quasi intentional torts the intent is lacking but there is still a volitional act and direct causation. Examples of quasi intentional torts include invasion of privacy and defamation. An example of defamation is when a nurse makes false chart entries about a patient’s lifestyle or diagnoses. 2. All five RN’s that I interviewed regarding their understanding of torts were mostly confused. All five of them were asked if they could tell me the difference between intentional and quasi intentional torts. The first nurse stated that she had no clue as to what I was talking about. The second nurse said, â€Å"I think it has something to do with how nurses treat their patients.† The third nurse just looked at me in a very confused manor, as if she were waiting for me to give her more information. The fourth nurse said, â€Å"I kind of remember learning about that in nursing school, but that was many, many years ago, and I don’t recall exactly what it is. The final nurse knew a little bit more than the others and stated, â€Å"Aren’t they laws that nurses should abide by?† Although, her response was in the form of a question, at least she knew it had something to do with the law. 3. After interviewing these five nurses if became clear to me that nurses need to be reminded or re-educated often about the laws that could affect their practice. An employer providing mandatory continuing education units on torts is one good way of increasing nurses understanding of torts. Another idea could be to place posters in the elevators that nurses might use frequently. These posters should be eye-catching with graphs, diagrams and illustrations showing the differences in torts. Implementing a short video during the orientation process could be another way to increase nurses understanding of torts. Finally, with all the mobile devices that are available these days, I think it would be great if someone created an app that could be downloaded by nurses to their own personal smart phones or tablets explaining the differences between intentional and quasi intentional torts.

A case study of the UK flooding: the river Uck, East Sussex, October 2000

During the wet season of October the Sussex the Uck-Ouse basin burst it banks and caused major flooding in the surrounding towns mainly a small town called Uckfield. Upstream of the town of Uckfield slopes are very steep and so runoff happens very quickly after rainfall. However the River Uck flood plain is relatively undeveloped, with natural flood plains remaining. Here land management practices are well adapted to flooding. The flooding in the central part of the Ouse catchments on Thursday 12th October 2000 was preceded by 3 days of storms and heavy rain across the whole area. The ground became increasingly waterlogged, and there was widespread, localised flooding from surface water run-off. Uckfield flooded dramatically from about 5.00am on the 12th October, with river levels rising rapidly to a peak between 9.00am and 10.00am, at which point a torrent of water up to 1.9m deep, was flowing through the town centre causing considerable damage. Barcombe and Lewes filled up and widespread flooding in Lewes started at about 1.00pm, as the rising river backed up behind the Cliffe Bridge and overtopped the flood defences at a number of locations. Within about an hour or so the flood defences throughout the town were completely overwhelmed and the town centre rapidly filled with floodwater. Many hundreds of people were stranded and had to be rescued by the Emergency Services in boats. By the time the floodwaters peaked at about 9.30pm, some parts of Lewes were less than 3.6m of water. As the flows passing downstream from Barcombe continued to increase at a rapid rate, the floodwaters weired over the river walls and surged through the streets and open areas in Lewes, rapidly filling up sections of the urban floodplain to a depth of 1m in about half an hour. The Police abandoned the centre of town, and the evacuation turned into a rescue operation as the RNLI and Emergency Services used inflatable lifeboats to reach people suddenly trapped in their homes or businesses. The flood devastated the centres of Uckfield and Lewes, as well as causing significant damage to surrounding rural properties and the farming community. * long periods of drying out and repair mean that many homes have remained uninhabitable for many months after the event, with residents having to live in alternative, temporary accommodation; * similarly, many businesses remain closed months after the flood, and a small number are believed to have closed permanently; * a long term loss of trade, both for the flooded businesses, and for the wider business community; * widespread concerns about property values and insurance; * losses of agricultural crops and livestock; * impact on County Council Social Services provision due to the loss of day centres and buses; * long term damage to road surfaces, and widespread blockage of highways drainage systems; * impact on Lewes District Council's housing provision due to temporary re-accommodation of flood victims; * disruption to the Fire Brigade and Ambulance Service due to the temporary loss of several of their buildings, including their control centres, and loss of vehicles; * in Lewes, 118 Listed Buildings and 230 other ‘traditional' buildings within the Conservation Area were damaged, requiring specialist repair; * long term needs for emotional support amongst some. This means that the upper and middle sections of the catchments become quickly saturated following heavy rainfall. During wet periods a large proportion of the rainfall will quickly run-off into the river system rather than drain through the ground, and this effect is exacerbated by the hilly nature of the upper parts of the catchment. * increasing the amount and rate of surface water run-off, thereby increasing flows; * reducing the area available for flood storage, thereby increasing peak levels; * reducing the area available for flood flow conveyance, thereby increasing peak levels, contributing to rapid inundation and high flood velocities, and extending the period of flooding. * River flows were increasing very rapidly at this time and continued to do so for several hours after the flood defences were overtopped. * The upstream flood storage areas were already ‘full' so that the majority of the flood flows passed straight downstream to Lewes with little attenuation. * Once overtopped, the flood defences acted like weirs allowing large volumes of water to pass over them in a short space of time, rapidly filling the low lying areas behind them, with high velocities being witnessed where flows were channelled through narrow gaps. * The natural narrowing flood plain as it approaches Lewes, together with the artificial obstructions across its path in Lewes (Phoenix Causeway, Mayhew Way, Cliffe High Street shops) severely reduces the ability of the flood plain through Lewes to convey flood waters, causing levels to rise higher still. *  It is an obvious point, but maybe worth stating, that the 12th October 2000 flood inundated the floodplain – so named for a good reason. The devastating impact of the flood was because large numbers of properties have over the years been built on the floodplain, and although artificial flood defences or river improvement works have protected those properties from more frequent flooding events, all property constructed on the flood plain is at risk of flooding occasionally. The Environment Agency's Flood Warning slogan of â€Å"You cannot prevent flooding, you can only prepare for it†. The existing flood defences were overwhelmed by the 12th October 2000 flood flows and it may be possible to justify future improvements to raise the current standards of defence to protect against an event of similar magnitude. A number of options are likely to be considered in the forthcoming Catchment Strategy Plan being commissioned by the Environment Agency. However, given the extreme severity of 12th October 2000 event, and the nature of the long-standing government rules and arrangements for project appraisal and flood defence funding, we do not believe that it is reasonable to assume that they should already have been of such a standard. Nevertheless we believe that there are a number of important issues relating to the existing flood defences in Lewes which need to be urgently addressed, in particular the apparently poor condition of many of the river walls through the town, and the long term settlement in the upstream flood embankments. The floodwalls were breached or damaged in at least 8 locations through the town, and the sudden failure of the river wall at Phoenix Industrial Estate is particularly worrying. The flooding took many residents by surprise, and it is clear that the Environment Agency and a significant number of affected residents have very different perceptions about the performance of the flood warning system. This is partly an issue of communication and education. We believe that it is important that the Environment Agency vigorously continues its efforts to educate local residents, and that it is explicit about its actual responsibilities and capabilities. With the benefit of hindsight, we also believe that a number of important improvements in the flood warning and forecasting service can be identified, and should be undertaken. These would not have had any impact on the extent, speed or depth of the actual flooding, but they may have meant that for many, vehicles, stock, or precious personal possessions might have been saved.

Revenue Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revenue - Math Problem Example Even though the property has never been renovated none of the hotels in its rating category has any advantages over it and changing the decor on a regular basis can be a means of making the place continually attractive to its clients. The hotel is close to public transportation which means that its guests do not have to go very far or get lost in order to obtain transportation. Additionally, there is direct access from the street to its food and beverage facility which means that this aspect of the business will be more successful than its competitors. It is expected that the food and beverage aspect of the business will provide similar level of revenue or probably more based on recent restaurant closures and the location of the facility. The hotel expects to have an above-fair market room share which means that its occupancy levels will be above the market average. Revenue generation This property has a number of avenues at its disposal to generate revenue. They include rooms, food and beverage, parking, laundry, telephone, entertainment and room service. This information is highlighted in the appendix. With an occupancy level of 60% and an ADR of $152 the property would be able to generate revenues from rooms of $705,580. This calculation takes into account rooms sold on week days (W/D) and weekends (W/E). Information gathered indicates that during quarter 1 of the previous years more leisure was demanded on weekends than on week days and so the rates were set higher on weekends than on week days. In the case of business the rates were higher on weekdays since this is usually the time when certain types of business like banks and service operations carry out their major activities. Corporate rates were also higher on weekdays than on weekends and so the information on occupancy and market mix was useful in this regard. The projections takes into account the maximize occupancy strategy. The use of this strategy will draw guests from other properties to this on e. Additionally, guests will get value for money and will return based on the distinctive characteristics of the property that sets it apart from the competition. The food and beverage facilities on the property should benefit tremendously from its proximity to public transportation and its access from the street. It has adequate space for the advertisement of the facilities. A guest survey that was done last year indicated that advertising was of great importance to all types of customers except tour groups. This would definitely help to boost not only the room revenue but food and beverage as well. Some restaurants recently closed their doors and this property stands to benefit from the lower number of restaurants in the area and the fact that none is scheduled to be built in the short term. Additionally, a number of corporate offices are opening in the area and this property stands tall with its distinct facilities which set it apart from its competitors. The property is expected to see approximately 700 additional persons for breakfast each day and this is considered very conservative, approximately 8,000 for lunch and 6,000 for dinner. This projection is based on the foregoing information as well as information obtained from the food and beverage performance and price points. Dinner followed by lunch is expected to be the main revenue generator. In terms of beverage from the bar there should be quite a bit of persons

Charles Manson Law Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Charles Manson Law Case Study - Essay Example From the time he was released from prison in 1967, Mason engages in a series of criminal activities from murder, torture and rape to the leading of a criminal sect referred to as â€Å"The Family†. Charles Manson was arrested in 1969 and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1972. Many sociologists and psychologists have argued that the reasons for Manson’s criminal activity are linked to his juvenile delinquency and his upbringing (Koopmans 1-3). Discussion a) There are several theories postulated by researchers on the reasons for juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency can be attributed to Albert Bandura’s social learning theory which postulates that human learning is a function of cognitive, behavioral and environmental factors. Merton proposed that society usually makes people aspire to better their lives. When there is a blockage of avenues to attain the upward mobility, people resort to crime. Agnew’s general strain theory is the best in explaining ju venile delinquency. According to Agnew, juveniles resort to delinquency as a result of the experience of horrible events or circumstances such as violence especially in the home. Agnew postulates that juveniles turn into delinquents as a result of negative emotional reactions arising from aversive situations from which they find it difficult to escape. The inability of escape leads to frustration and may be exhibited through anger based delinquency. The action of Charles Manson who was born in an environment in which he faced rejection from his mother was therefore a fertile ground for the development of aversive behavior (Koopmans 34-40). The general strain theory, the hostility, emotional atmosphere both in the home and at school, and the inadequacies in the parent child relationships result to more harm to the child than physical injury. In order to prevent delinquency, there needs to be increased efforts at enhancing the quality and concord within the family unit. Programs of pr evention that base on the general strain theory are usually designed to make family relations stronger through the improvement of communal conditions which play an essential role in enhancing healthy family living (Koopmans 88-93). Charles Manson’s world was such that he had no father and hence his family system was incomplete. Charles Manson was rejected by his mother who neglected him and thus this aversive behavior at home forced him to react in anger through criminal acts. b) While the placement of children in an institution is not desirable in some instances this has to happen. Children are placed in juvenile reform homes when their behavior is considered to have overreached the norms of society. Children are also placed in juvenile reform homes when they lack a family unit that is deemed capable of reforming them so that they can fit in society. For a child to be placed in a juvenile delinquent home there has to be proof of non reformation after punishment is meted out. A good scenario is the case of Charles Manson whose mother is an alcoholic and he has no father. Charles Manson starts to engage in crime art a very early age and it is clear that his mother has no control over him or she does not care. Manson gets punished for criminal activity several times which results into his commitment to a juvenile reform home. He is committed to a juvenile ref

Geography of Desire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Geography of Desire - Essay Example With this on hand, it is then essential to analyze the relationship of Silicon Valley, which is the San Francisco Bay Area, to its culture with the influence of technology. Prior to discussing the relationship of the geographical location and culture in Silicon Valley, it is vital to gain an overview of technology and its importance. In essence, technology is defined as the manner of constructing machines and attributing to it their capabilities and efficiency while being used by an individual (McLoughlin 6-7). With this on hand, it can be inferred that the importance of technology can be determined in perspective of the user of the said technological machinery. Moreover, technology then can be considered as a great influencing factor to the user and even the environment of the user, which had occurred in Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley, in the past 40 years, has been considered as the â€Å"birthplace of many of the largest and fastest growing electronics firms in the world† ( Garud and Karnoe 127). In the past, there have been many technological experiments conducted in Silicon Valley, but one of the most crucial deciding factors for the technological hub was the establishment of the IBM laboratory in San Jose. With this action done, Silicon Valley was able to open its doors to the different technological firms, including Zilog, a semiconductor fir, and the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (Garud and Karnoe). These fostered the beginning and the continuous of the technological innovation in the Valley. In addition, as the firms have been increasing in the Valley, it had also influenced the cultural activity in the area. As industrialization paved its way to Silicon Valley, it had also changed, and eventually broke the barrier between managers, employees, and function of corporations in the different technological sector present in the valley. The culture of start-ups became the trend in Silicon Valley, which was anchored on the â€Å"trust in individual a high degree of professional autonomy, and generous benefits† (Saxenian 50). This type of corporate culture allowed the managers, supervisors, and the heads of the department to create a normal working environment in the organizational system. This meant that employees can easily approach their managers in an informal manner in the hallway, and even have a small lunch time with their coworkers and bosses. The culture in Silicon Valley mostly anchored in the abolishment of organizational hierarchy in order to foster teamwork, camaraderie, and creativity (Saxenian 50-51). Aside from this, according to Martin Kenney â€Å"the Silicon Valley culture is based on establishing a company and then selling it to either public or a corporate acquirer† (â€Å"Lessons from the Development† 58). Therefore, aside from the non-hierarchical culture, Silicon Valley also became a breeding ground for entrepreneurs in the industry or technology. The culture born from the economic ac tivities in Silicon Valley is not considered as a unique one, but it is considered by many as â€Å"extreme entrepreneurship† (Kenney, â€Å"Lessons from the Development† 59). Looking back, in the beginning of the Silicon Valley, most of the employees were riskful and was able to pull through by transferring from one job to another. However, as the start-up

Non-Financial Rewards Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Non-Financial Rewards - Dissertation Example Moreover, free pension entitlement or private medical care can also be considered as the non financial rewards. Research Question What is the impact of non-financial reward on employee satisfaction? Literature Review The non financial rewards are cost effective for the organizations. According to Armstrong (2010), non financial rewards focus on the reorganization, achievement, autonomy, influence, personal growth and responsibility needs of the employees (Armstrong, 2010, p. 47). There are two types of non financial rewards namely tangible non financial rewards and intangible non financial rewards. Intangible non financial rewards are referred as the relational rewards. Work life balance, quality of work life fall in the intangible non financial rewards category. On the other hand the tangible non financial rewards are referred as the non cash rewards. These non cash rewards support several recognition programmes. Low valued matters or objects like flowers and chocolates are consider ed as the tangible non financial rewards. Several vouchers and substantial value offers like holiday package are also considered as the tangible non financial rewards. ... This scheme helps an organization to increase performance outcomes. It can be seen that several global organizations implemented this specific recognition schemes in order to increase their business efficiency. Generally larger organizations use this recognition schemes as it is both time and cost effective. These recognitions can come in both non tangible and tangible forms. According to Perkins and White (2010), an effective employee recognition programme should be prevalent, visible, spontaneous, personal and memorable (Perkins and White, 2011, p.72). The organizations implement these recognition schemes in order to achieve several organizational objectives. It motivates the employees to provide effective work performance. It creates a positive organizational work environment. The organization can maintain their ethics and morale through these recognition schemes. Moreover, these recognition schemes encourage the employee loyalty and support several cultural changes. According to Lewis (2006), involvement policies, thank you prizes, communication strategies, imaginative job designs and effective performance appraisal are majorly considered as the non financial reward (Lewis, 2006, p.107). According to Armstrong (2007), achievement, influence, personal growth, recognition and responsibility are the key objectives of non financial rewards (Armstrong, 2007, p.69). Employee recognition programme is a key aspect in employee motivation process. It is important for the management of the organization to link it properly and strategically to the organizational objectives and goals. It will help to increase the motivation of employees and business output of the organization.

W3 Disc Incentive Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W3 Disc Incentive Programs - Essay Example ling to leave for boot camp as soon as possible, for advanced civilian skills, electing to defer their enlistment and more† (Army Bonus and Incentive Overview, 2010, p. 1). According to Cokins (2009), the three components of an effective incentive system are as follows: (1) involvement of employees; (2) setting SMART objectives; and (3) recognition of performance of employees according to well-designed standards. As such, after evaluating the incentive program of the U.S. Army, it could be deduced that the three components are duly integrated. For instance, the Partnership for Youth SuccesS (PAYS) ensures future employment to those who joined the Army through the partner organizations (Partnership for Youth Success (PAYS), n.d.). This program ensures involvement of the members; setting objectives of gaining employment after the service; and giving due recognition to those who served the Army through the provision of ready employment to partner organizations. Overall, the U.S. Army has designed effective incentive programs to those who serve their country, through the presence of the three components, as above noted. As such, a continued supply of qualified and competent recruits and soldiers are being developed and maintained with the provision of monetary and non-monetary awards to them and to their family

The Rise Of The Improvised Exposive Devise Essay Example for Free

The Rise Of The Improvised Exposive Devise Essay Improvised explosive devices, better known as IEDs, are makeshift bombs usually made of materials like nails and ball bearing first used in guerilla warfare during the World War II. (Crystal, 2007)   IEDs have long since evolved and now, IED builders can improvise on the materials used.   As a result, the devices have become more unique in nature, thus making it harder to track down. In addition, according to Army Gen. John Abizaid, commander of all US forces in the Middle East, â€Å"IEDs have become the enemy’s perfect weapon – they are cheap, effective, and anonymous. †Ã‚   (Knickerbocker, 2007, p.1)     As a result, incidents involving IEDs have surged dramatically and now pose a real threat to the community.   Despite government efforts to curtail IED activity, insurgents are still able to find ways to build and detonate their IED made bombs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   IED bombings have been on the headlines in the past but currently, it can be seen almost constantly.   The number of IED incidents keeps on steadily escalating and therefore resulting to thousands and thousands of casualties.   This problem not only plagues war ravaged countries but also countries in peace who are caught in between.   First seen in the World Trade Center attack in 1993 and the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, IED use have increased as proven by the Madrid and London transit bombings in 2004 and 2005.   Another case was the war in Iraq.   According to Atkinson (2007): In Iraq, from the former number of 50 IED bombing incidents per day, the number of bombings has now reached an astonishing number of 100 per day.   Since that first fatal detonation of what is now known as an improvised explosive device, more than 81,000 IED attacks have occurred, according to U.S. military sources. (p. A1) A total of 3,837 US soldiers also have died and 27,753 were wounded from the Iraq bombings. (Casualty Counts, 2007)   Figures include every casualty who died ever since the war in Iraq started.   Majority were killed through IED bombings.   It should be noted however that the figures only consist of US soldiers and still not include non-military casualties and the members of non-coalition countries.   From these, it could be said that there is indeed a real threat in the form of IED bombings.   This definitely calls for action on the part of the US government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The government has been slow in its response to the IED bombing incidents – that’s what some lawmakers and journalists say.   Even Michael Chertoff, Homeland Security Secretary admits to this in his department’s statement â€Å"National efforts lack strategic guidance, are sometimes insufficiently coordinated, and lack essential resources.†(Hsu and Sheridan, 2007, p. A01) Nonetheless, years after being accused of its slow response, the US government has now allocated a $196.4 billion fund for the Global War on Terror. (2008 Funding Request, 2007)   The government’s approach has been a holistic one.   They appropriated designated amounts for armor, training, and weapons to counter IEDs. The Homeland Security also made its moves to help in the government’s mission to lessen IED incidents.  Ã‚   They set up an Office for Bombing prevention which was tasked to take charge of working with both internal and external agencies to tackle possible IED threats. A system named TRIPwire was also established to share information regarding IEDs such as latest tactics, techniques and procedures over a network by bomb squad technicians, intelligence analysts, and state and local law enforcement. (Chertoff, 2007)   In addition, continuous research is being done as well to develop tools to counter IED blasts.   The Homeland Security also has undertaken increased security measures in key areas like the airport and chemical sites and facilities.   All these are part of intensifying the department’s efforts to curtail the surge of bombing incidents. The US government has spent a considerable amount of money trying to counter IED insurgencies but despite this, the latter can still find ways to counter these efforts.   Several long term issues have been raised.   First, bombs become more complex in their make up as time goes by.   IED bombings started with a simple made bomb that eventually evolved.   Currently, the US military have discovered that a new type of bomb has already been in use starting the summer of 2006.   Infrared bombs are now at large and they are even harder to track since they run on different signals as those detecting tools the military has. (Magnuson, 2006). Hence, countering the former low-technology bombs requires continuous development of high-technology solutions.   This entails millions and millions of dollars to be spent on prevention as opposed to a few dollars an IED builder uses to make his weapon.  Ã‚   Second, as the US spends on developing long terms plans on combating insurgencies, the terrorists are also likewise building on their long term plans.   Extremist groups are now banking on education as a means of furthering their goals. They are using their $50 million funds to send their thousands of new recruits to get a university degree on radio engineering or information technology as opposed to using the funds to amass more weapons.   (Magnuson, 2006)   To date, the insurgent groups have already released a video mocking the attempts of the US government to stop them.   The video, released by a group who named themselves as â€Å"The Islamic State of Iraq† was entitled â€Å"The Fall and Decline of US Technology.† (Osman Martinez, 2007) The IED war indeed has turned into something ugly.   IED use surged during the year of 2004 to 2005 and even up to now, there are still ongoing cases regarding this problem.   The US government tries to counter this but still, insurgents are still able to survive.   Hence, the government should try to intensify its efforts and develop more plans to curb this rising problem.    Reference List 2008 funding request. (2007, October 22). Business Wire. Atkinson, R. (2007, September 30). The single most effective weapon against our deployed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   forces. Washington Post, pp. A1. Chertoff, M. (2007). Preventing IED attacks. Leadership Journal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved October 26, 2007, from http://www.dhs.gov/journal/leadership/labels/IED.html. Crystal, G. (2007).   What is an IED. Retrieved from October 26, 2007,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-ied.htm Hsu, S. Sheridan M. (2007, October 20). IEDs seen as rising threat in the US.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Washington Post, pp. A01. Iraq coalition casualty counts. (2007). Retrieved October 26, 2007,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://www.dhs.gov/journal/leadership/labels/IED.html. Knickerbocker, B. (2007, January 02). Relentless toll to US troops of roadside bombs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Christian Science Monitor, pp. 01. Magnuson, S. (2006, January). Adaptive foe thwarts counter-IED efforts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved October 26, 2007,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2006/jan/adaptive_foe.htm Osman H. Martinez, L. (2007, March 06). Insurgents in Iraq claim they can beat US   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   anti-IED technology.   Retrieved October 26, 2007,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://blogs.abcnews.com/theblotter/2007/03/insurgents_in_i.html

Media Representations Of Sexual Offenders In General Media Essay

Media Representations Of Sexual Offenders In General Media Essay The mass media is known to be one of the most influential sources of providing news to members of the public. It is also known to have a powerful impact on the public perceptions of specific issues, for example sex offenders (Brayford Deering, 2012). In order for a story to enter any form of the mass media, it needs to meet certain newsworthy criteria which will help media companies to entice greater audiences, thus increasing overall profit (Galtung Ruge, 1965). Female sexual offending is one particular issue within society which fits all the aspects of the newsworthy criteria. The cases tend to include a sense of seriousness and negativity in which so many of the medias audiences are interested to read/hear about (Greer, 2003). This chapter will focus on how the media represents FCSOs, with particular reference to the Vanessa George case. It will also examine how the mass media are able to influence public perceptions of FCSOs. It is important to note that the majority of academi c research involving Child Sexual Offenders and the media focuses on Sexual Offenders in general, rather than specifically FCSOs, therefore this chapter will adapt from the limited research available. Child Sexual Offenders have longingly received large amounts of negative coverage by the mass media, causing a topic for public debate (Kitzinger, 2004). The media often uses tactics in the form of emotive language, and imagery etc. to influence how the public view certain criminals. One example of this is the use of the iconic image of Myra Hindley within the media reports, which have shaped the way in which society imagines what FCSOs look like (ibid). Even though this was proved to be a co-offending case, it has historically shown how society can view any female involved in these sorts of crimes as going against the traditional gender scripts that woman are incapable of committing such crimes. This relates to the theory used by many feminists that argue that women are described as being double deviant, this is where women who commit crimes receive harsher treatment by society as they not only breach the law, but also break feminine norms (Heidensohn, 1987). Thus in terms of FCSOs, it would seem that they should be regarded as the worst form of criminals due to the extreme ways they break the feminine gender roles. This theory could explain why FCSOs receive such negative portrayals within the media. However, a counter argument of this is that females involved in child sexual offending are often viewed by the general public as harmless, and do not perceive their involvement as a form of abuse. Therefore, media cannot possibly provide such negative representations of FCSOs, if they do not believe themselves that FCSO is a problem within society. This is supported by Denov (2002), who states that the public perceive FCSOs to be less serious than male sexual offenders, this could be due to the common belief that women cannot be capable of committing such offenders. Thus the media are likely to also hold such views and focus their attention primarily on issues in society involving male sexual offenders, as they try to serve the interests of the public. 3.2 How the media influence public perceptions of FCSO It has been argued by many academics that the media influence the publics perception of FCSOs, in a way that can be described as a drug, injecting their opinions directly into the minds of its audience. This is often referred to as the hypodermic syringe model (Kitzinger, 2004). This can be argued to hold a powerful effect, as the amount of emotion produced by these offences could be why the media choose to report on it. As a result of, it causes out bursts of street anger and violence which can be described as a moral panic, creating hysteria (Thomas, 2005; Cohen, 1972) among the public. However, evidence suggests that this has only been presented from the rarity of FCSO cases that are reported on, as the majority of the time society has a blind spot for female perpetrated sexual abuse. This is due to the care-giving roles in which females are socialised to hold towards children (Finkelhor et al. 1988), which again have a habit of being represented in forms of the media; films, news reports, TV etc. Therefore, it could be argued that depending on what ideology the media decide to report on with regards to FCSOs, their portrayal will have a significant impact on how the rest of society view them. 3.3 Media representations of FCSO Historically FCSOs have rarely been reported on within media. This may be due to the myth that abuse by a female is seen as harmless and a confused for of love (Gannon Cortoni, 2010), therefore is not necessarily viewed as inflicting damage on a child, so the media are less likely to report on these cases as they do not fit the newsworthy criteria discussed earlier in the chapter. This could also be a reason why the public generally hold a lack of knowledge around the issues surrounding female child sexual offending. As Strickland (2008) argues, men are traditionally viewed as being the ones to commit criminal offences with aggressive personalities. Consequently, it can be argued that these stereotypes are what make it easy for the media to report on issues, and cases which match these stereotypes that society hold. As indicated in Chapter one (Intro), any abuse by females was usually referred to in the media as a relation or affair (Tsopelas et al, 2012) compared to if the perpetra tor is a man in which case the reporters often refer to them as abusers, again resulting in a lack of reports on cases perpetrated by females. This issue resorts academics to ask the question of whether female perpetrated child sexual abuse is simply underreported by the media due to the above reasons, or if it is so uncommon that there is not enough cases for the media to actually report on. Nowadays the increasing amount of knowledge and awareness on issues of female child sexual offending has roused strong societal reactions, resulting in the increased coverage of them in the media. Gakhal Brown (2011) report on how newspapers portrayed female child sexual perpetrators as evil monsters. This has taken a dramatic change from how they were previously portrayed, and has given society a new way of viewing a serious problem that has come to light. One of the most dramatic cases which the media has widely covered is that of Vanessa George. She was a 40-year-old mother of two who worked at a nursery in Plymouth. In December 2009 she was convicted of sexual assault, the making of and being in possession/distributing indecent images of children, and was given an indeterminate prison sentence with a minimum requirement of seven years. In November 2010, there was a serious case review conducted into the case (PSCB, 2010), and it was discovered that the nursery provided an ideal environment for the abuse to be carried out. It found that certain gaps within the system allowed Vanessa to commit these offences, such as the nurserys phone line being out of order, allowing workers to bring their own mobile phones into the nursery for emergencies. This opportunity presented Vanessa with an excuse enabling her to have her phone in the nursery and thus enabled her to take indecent images of the children. It was also discovered during the investigation of the case that she was in fact part of a co-offending trio, initiated by a male perpetrator named Colin Blanchard from Rochdale. In the serious case review, it was noted that Vanessa had no previous convictions and the abuse only started when she became in contact with Colin over the internet, and was manipulated into committing abuse and then sharing images with him. These particular facts of the case were however expressed in a completely different manner throughout the media reporting on the case. 3.4 Vanessa George case In chapter one it was indicated through the study by Mathews et al. (1989) that there is substantial evidence to suggest that many FCSOs actually target victims who are male adolescents, viewing their abuse as harmless. However, this is not the case when looking at the case of Vanessa George (BBC News, 2010). Across all the media coverage on this case it highlighted the serious issues surrounding female perpetrated sexual abuse which are present in the UK, and depending on the different media types, it was reported in extremely diverse ways. In order to understand how the media represent FCSOs, a comparison needs to be made between the various media types using critical discourse analysis. There are many different definitions of critical discourse analysis, however, within this dissertation we refer to it as the analysis of language used in speech and writing within forms of the media as a form of social practice, where specific ideologies are reproduced through the language in the texts (Wodak Meyer, 2009). This method is appropriate for this dissertation as it is a way in which we can analyse the language used by the media when reporting on FCSOs, and uncover the hidden ideologies in the text which is used to change the audiences opinion on the issue of FCSO. Almost every article written about FCSOs can be analysed using Critical Discourse Analysis, as reporters are required to make certain decisions as to how they want to represent particular ideologies in their article e.g. the terms they use to describe a FCSO, or which quotes to use from members of the public. These can all add to the way the ideology in the text is portrayed overall and thus how these ideologies affect society as a whole (Richardson, 2007). The three main articles analysed were drawn from three different news outlets which hold conflicting ideological stances. Firstly, Public enemy number one was taken from The Sun (Coles, 2011), a newspaper which represents right-wing principles. Secondly, Vanessa George jailed for child sex abuse was extracted from The Guardian (Morris, 2009) which expresses mostly liberalism interests. Finally, Little Teds was ideal place for Vanessa George abuse traced from BBC News online (2010b), which is commonly known to represents a centrism approach to reporting. The Sun, known for its exaggeration of the truth in order to attract the attention of more readers, reports on the case of Vanessa George as being one that has caused so much outrage and shock from the public, that the police actually needed to step in to stop the amount of abuse aimed at her from the public. The way the article presents these dramatic views is interesting for Critical Discourse Analysis, as it is outwardly bias in presenting only the feelings expressed by the parents of possible victims, rather than facts on the case. Therefore, the analysis made, might be able to support the theory that the facts on the case are actually spun to present a particular viewpoint in this case, that FCSOs are extremely disturbing to society and uses particular language which is aimed to influence their audience into holding the same opinions. This is evident in the following quotes: Public enemy number one, Sick b****, The van taking Vanessa George to prison is attacked (See appendix 1 for more examples). All of the following use emotive language to express the disgust and anger felt by many members of the public. This supports Gakhal Browns (2011) argument that the media provide stereotypical portrayals of all sex offenders in general, using words linked with monsters evil perverts. Moreover, these choice of language in articles help provide a negative perception of FCSOs. The fact that the reporter purposely used a collective noun in the article title Public enemy number one-, suggests that they are trying to provide an ideology that Vanessa is hated by all members of the public, and that the audience should also imitate these feelings. While analysing this article, it was found that the only quotations and opinions used, were that of parents involved in the case, who naturally hold bias views. This, itself shows how the reporter wanted to present only one ideological viewpoint. Furthermore, it can be argued that this negative portrayal of Vanessa George, a FCSO, in the media reinforces the argument previously put forward by Heidenson (1987) regarding female offenders as displaying double deviance. On the other hand, the article in The Guardian expresses a more balanced stance, presenting the audience with facts of the case. Its use of imagery shows how Vanessa was part of a co-offending trio, and although she solely committed the abuse in Little Teds nursery, she was in fact in contact with two others; one (Colin Blanchard) who, as argued by the reporter, was coercing her to commit the offences. They reported that Vanessa was besotted with him. Therefore, it shows that the ideology in which this news article is trying to present is not just about viewing FCSOs in a negative light, but more that they want to present the factual issues that society is facing, for example the influence male sexual offenders have on females to force them to also commit sexual offences. However, when analysing this article, it can be argued that it is somewhat bias, as it uses post-modified terms such as paedophile which often disguises the fact that the choice to commit these crimes is not just do wn to sexual preference but is actually a way in which an offender exploits and holds power over children (Kelly, 1998). It also links to the same ideology presented in The Sun, by describing Vanessa in a negative light Cold and calculating. These quotes do, nonetheless, come from the Judge in charge of the case, thus using a more reliable source, than that used by the Sun, to reproduce the ideologies through language. The way in which The Guardian provides a balanced stance, can be argued to be similar to how the BBC reports on the case of Vanessa George. This is due to the way the BBC provide the facts of the case and refer to the serious case review (discussed earlier) as well as other reliable sources such as the councillor for Plymouths Efford and Lipson ward, in order to add to their own reputation of being a dependable source. When analysing this article it is clear that the reporters ideology behind this article is to provide the public with the facts, and try to prevent a moral panic among the public, by reporting on the positive responses professionals have had to the case. The reporter used passive verbs such as reassured, and quotations from Ofsted Ofsted has already implemented a number of changes, in order to show the public that society are able to learn from the mistakes made in this case in order to prevent future cases. However, the BBC used a disturbing criminal style image of Va nessa, which imitate the reporter techniques used in the Myra Hindley case, which, as discussed earlier, add to the stereotypical image of what FCSOs look like (Kitzinger, 2004). Therefore, it could be argued that no matter what type of media, there is always some form of bias in the way reporters want to present their ideology through the language and images they choose to use. Another observation made when analysing this article, is it subheading title Explicit culture, which then goes on to report on the co-offending details of the case. The fact that the reporter has used a subheading, as well as the chosen language, shows that they are trying to make their audience aware of the increasingly serious problem of co-offending child sexual offenders within society. From this Critical Discourse Analysis it is clear that all types of the mass media report in different ways; some use stereotyping FCSOs as a powerful influential tool, others are more objective by presenting the facts of the case. All, however, have had a positive impact as they have raised some new issues that society face with regards to FCSO. Although, a lot of work still needs to be done with all areas of the mass media, in order to educate reporters so that they appreciate the gravity of the issues surrounding FCSO and the traumatic results they can present both victims and general members of the public with, when providing representations on FCSOs (Tsopelas et al, 2012). Actively representing their voice